( root+ t morphème) stem+ am u = uapatam u If the base form of the word has been formed from a base to which non-grammatical morphemes have been added, and if this “enhanced” root is now a base that can take grammatical markings, it is a stem: ĮXAMPLES OF VERB FORMATIONS ( root+ m morphème) stem+ eu = uapameu So, how can they be distinguished from one another? If the base form of the word cannot be broken down into smaller pieces and still carries meaning, it is a root. They both form the base of a word and carry the meaning of the word, and grammatical morphemes can be added to both. It’s the core that gives the meaning of the word, for example minush in niminush im or akush- in tshitakushi n, uapam- in uapam eu, and so on, while the morphemes that are added give additional types of information, mostly grammatical. Nouns, pronouns, demonstratives, and verbs are variable.Įach word is made up of a stable part (the core of the word, which either never changes or changes very little) and the variable parts that can be added to it, which are called morphemes. n- and -au are the inflections of the verb with the stem uapam. ni- and -im in the word niminushim are inflections, and minush is the noun stem. A variable word is made up of two parts: a part that is stable, or that doesn’t usually change, which we call the stem, and a part that changes (the inflections that are added). In Innu, variable words are words that take grammatical markings, or inflections. All stems are bases but not all bases are stems.Minush, akushu and uapameu are variable words.All roots are bases but not all bases are roots.The stem is the part to which the last affix is added and the affix is usually inflectional.The base is the part of the word that can accept any affix.You see DRIVER being the part that the last inflectional affix is added? That’s the stem. DRIVE is the root and adding ER derives a new word but adding S to the word does not derive something new. The STEM is that part to which the last affix is added and this is usually an inflectional affix. It is the word in the last stage before an inflectional affix is added. This is because the branches don’t have much meaning. The branches are the last to be added, right? If you cut these branches off, the tree would still be what it is. that’s simple enough to grasp, I believe. It is also the base for FORTUNATE and FORTUNATE is the base of FORTUNATELY because it can accept an affix or modification and FORTUNATELY is the base to UNFORTUNATELY. For example, in the word UNFORTUNATELY, we have UN-FORTUNE-ATE+LY. Therefore, the base, by definition, is that part of the word to which any affix can be added. So, the base is that part that can accept the growth of any tree. The base is the level ground that a tree can grow on. Clear, right? Look at UNSATISFACTORILY for example. It is this word that you begin to modify to have other words. The root is the free morpheme of the word. The word starts growing from the root.īy definition, the root is that part of the word that remains when every other part is removed because it carries the core meaning of the word. It is the part that serves as the foundation to the whole word, the pillar every other thing stands on. It is that part of the word that brings about different forms. When a seed is planted, it starts growing from the ground, from the root. Look at the diagram below before we proceed to explanations.įor the tree, the root is that part sunk deep into the earth. First off, the three terms work together. So, our knowledge of the words will also be viewed from the point of a tree. They are familiar, right? These are words associated with a tree. Some of the most three complicated morphological terms are: root, base and stem
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |